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destacar que, en los tiempos de incertidumbre financiera ocasionados por fenómenos
externos como la pandemia por el virus SARS CoV 2, los capitales de los mercados
financieros tienden a salir de los países que los albergan, provocando un interés en la
inversión en divisas. Esto motiva la búsqueda de soluciones al problema del portafolio
óptimo, las cuales se constituyan como una alternativa más eficiente que la obtenida por
métodos tradicionales.
Palabras-clave: Portafolio optimo-Algoritmo Genético-Markowitz
Abstract
Investment portfolios are trading instruments that aim to generate the best possible
returns with the lowest possible risk of loss. This can be done through various theoretical
positions. One of them is the Optimal Portfolio Theory formulated by Harry Markowitz,
which aims to build an optimal portfolio based on diversification, that is, assigning
different investment amounts to assets, which are calculated through a series of equations
that can be solved by means of a nonlinear programming method called Generalized
Reduced Gradient (GRG). In this work an alternative method of solution is proposed,
evolutionary algorithms, specifically a Canonical Genetic Algorithm with a coding based
on real numbers. This makes it possible to design an alternative investment portfolio
called a foreign exchange portfolio, made up of returns of six currencies with respect to
the Mexican peso. The selected currencies were Paraguayan Guaraní, Uruguayan Peso,
Bolivian, American Dollar, British Pound and Euro. The amounts to invest in each
currency are formulated according to different scenarios, such as minimum risk,
maximum profit and profit-risk ratio, which were resolved by the GRG and compared
with solutions obtained by a Genetic Algorithm. The latter proved that it is the best
calculation option. It should be noted that, in times of financial uncertainty caused by
external phenomena such as the SARS CoV 2 virus pandemic, capital from financial
markets tends to flow out of the host countries, causing interest in investment in foreign
currency. This motivates the search for solutions to the problem of the optimal portfolio,
which constitute a more efficient alternative than that obtained by traditional methods.
Keywords: Optimal Portfolio-Genetic Algorithm-Markowitz