NUEVOS DESAFÍOS PARA LA SALUD GLOBAL
EMERGENCIA Y REEMERGENCIA DE PATÓGENOS EN ÁREAS DE INTERFAZ
Palabras clave:
Ciencias de la SaludResumen
En la actualidad, la emergencia y reemergencia de enfermedades se presenta como uno de los mayores desafíos para la salud global significando una importante carga para el bienestar de las personas y para las economías mundiales (Daszak et al., 2000; Yang et al., 2020). Estudios sobre sus orígenes revelan que cerca de un 60% de los patógenos emergentes son zoonóticos y casi un 72% de estos se originan en la fauna silvestre siendo una gran proporción transmitidos por vectores (Jones et al., 2008). Una mirada profunda y minuciosa permite evidenciar que el surgimiento de estas enfermedades es consecuencia de la pérdida de biodiversidad como resultado de alteraciones en la salud de los ecosistemas, y que los cambios ecológicos, conductuales o socioeconómicos que propician su emergencia están vinculados a la degradación ambiental, el avance de las fronteras productivas, la globalización, el comercio de especies silvestres, la resistencia antimicrobiana y el cambio climático (Faust et al., 2018; Kock, 2014; Patz et al., 2004; Plowright et al., 2017). En este contexto, los ambientes de interfaz generados entre humanos y otras especies animales resultan nuevos escenarios de transmisión donde puede ocurrir el salto de un patógeno atravesando las barreras entre especies o “spillover”, mediante la combinación perfecta de múltiples variables (Alexander et al., 2018; Plowright et al., 2017).
Abstract
At present, the emergence and re-emergence of diseases is presented as one of the greatest challenges for global health, representing an important burden for the well-being of people and for world economies (Daszak et al., 2000; Yang et al., 2020). Studies on their origins reveal that about 60% of emerging pathogens are zoonotic and almost 72% of these originate in wildlife, a large proportion being transmitted by vectors (Jones et al., 2008). A deep and meticulous look allows to show that the emergence of these diseases is a consequence of the loss of biodiversity as a result of alterations in the health of ecosystems, and that the ecological, behavioral or socioeconomic changes that lead to their emergence are linked to environmental degradation , the advance of productive frontiers, globalization, wildlife trade, antimicrobial resistance and climate change (Faust et al., 2018; Kock, 2014; Patz et al., 2004; Plowright et al., 2017) . In this context, the interface environments generated between humans and other animal species are new transmission scenarios where the leap of a pathogen can occur crossing the barriers between species or “spillover”, through the perfect combination of multiple variables (Alexander et al. , 2018; Plowright et al., 2017).
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Publicado
2021-02-24
Cómo citar
Orozco, M. M. (2021). NUEVOS DESAFÍOS PARA LA SALUD GLOBAL: EMERGENCIA Y REEMERGENCIA DE PATÓGENOS EN ÁREAS DE INTERFAZ. Ciencias De La Salud, 2(1), 1–26. Recuperado a partir de https://unae.edu.py/ojs/index.php/salud/article/view/252
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